Correction of the Big Bang theory and cyclic universe

Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2024     |     PP. 1-10      |     PDF (187 K)    |     Pub. Date: January 9, 2024
DOI: 10.54647/mathematics110418    47 Downloads     164432 Views  

Author(s)

Todor Zh. Mollov, Department of Algebra and Geometry University of Plovdiv 24 Tzar Asen Str. 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Abstract
In the present paper we establish, that the universe is eternal, that is it has no beginning and no end in the time. If we accept the original Big Bang theory, i.e. that the universe has arose from an extremely small, dense and hot fireball by an unique big bang and an inflation which continues until now, then we prove, using the axiomatic method, that (i) there exists an infinite number of big bangs in the past and in the future and (ii) the universe is cyclic.
Furthermore we prove directly that the universe is cyclic without an using of a big bang of the universe.
The statement (i) can be regarded as a correction of the original Big Bang theory.

Keywords
Big bang, axiomatic method, cyclic universe

Cite this paper
Todor Zh. Mollov, Correction of the Big Bang theory and cyclic universe , SCIREA Journal of Mathematics. Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2024 | PP. 1-10. 10.54647/mathematics110418

References

[ 1 ] Baum L., P. Frampton, Turnaround in Cyclic Cosmology. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 071301 2007, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.071301
[ 2 ] Baum L., P. Frampton, Entropy of Contracting Universe in Cyclic Cosmology. Modern Physics Letters A, 23: 33, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732308026170
[ 3 ] Gurzadyan, V.G., Penrose, R "On CCC-predicted concentric low-variance circles in the CMB sky". Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 128 (2): 22, (2013). arXiv:1302.5162. Bibcode:2013EPJP..128...22G. doi:10.1140/epjp/i2013-13022-4. S2CID 55249027.
[ 4 ] Mithani A., A, Vilenkin, Did the Universe have a beginning? 2007: arHiv1204.4658vl [hep-th] 20 Apr..
[ 5 ] Mollov T. Zh., On the problems of the Forms of Motion in the Universe (Bulgarian), Philosophical Thought, No 2, year XXI, 116-119, 1965.
[ 6 ] Mollov T. Zh., Consciousness and Cyclicity of the Universe, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, {\bf 52} No 5, 687-692, 2009. https://ijpam.eu/contents/2009-52-5/9/9.pdf
[ 7 ] Mollov, T., Correction of the Big Bang theory and cyclic universe, Anniversary International Scientific Conference, Resurch and education in mathematics, informatics and their applications, Remia, 2021, October 22-24, 2021, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Section A: Mathematics, p. 81-88
[ 8 ] Penrose R., "Before the Big Bang: An Outrageous New Perspective and its Implications for Particle Physics", Proceedings of the EPAC 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland: 2759–2762, 2006.
[ 9 ] Penrose R., Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe, 2010.
[ 10 ] Polikarov, A. P. On the Infinite Existence of the Universe (Bulgarian), PhD Thesis, Sofia, 1955.
[ 11 ] Steinhardt P., N. Turok, Cosmic Evolution in a Cyclic Universe. Phys. Rev. D, 65, 126003, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.65.126003
[ 12 ] Steinhardt P., N. Turok, A Cyclic Model of the Universe. Science. 296 (5572): 1436-1439, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1070462
[ 13 ] Tegmark, M. Parallel Universes. // Scientific American 288 (5). May 2003. DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican0503-40. с. 40 – 51.
[ 14 ] Tolman R.C., Relativity, Thermodynamics and Cosmology, Oxford U. Press, Clarendon Press, 1934.