YIELD RESPONSE OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Voandzeia subterrenea (L) Thours.) VARIETIES TO ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER IN THE COASTAL FOREST OF SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2016     |     PP. 91-106      |     PDF (240 K)    |     Pub. Date: October 22, 2016
DOI:    22415 Downloads     19999 Views  

Author(s)

Shiyam, JO, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
Nkor, NN, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
Binang, WB, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
Effa, EB, Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management University of Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract
A factorial field experiment was conducted in 2014 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Science, University of Calabar located in the coastal rainforest zone of southeastern Nigeria on coordinates 050 32’ and 040 27’N ; 070 15’ and 090 28’E with an altitude of 37 m above sea level. The experimental factors were the different rates (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 tonnes/ha) of John Ker Organomineral Fertilizer® (OMF) and three varieties of bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterrenea (L) Thours) (Black, Cream and Tan) combined in a 3 x 5 factorial combined in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement to give fifteen treatment combinations each replicated three times. Result obtained showed that OMF significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved dry seed yield and yield components (number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight) of bambara groundnut. The bambara groundnut varieties exhibited differential yield potential. The highest dry seed yield was obtained at 2.5 t OMF/ha in the Cream variety (1.95 t/ha) followed by the Black variety (1.75 t/ha) and lowest in the Tan variety (1.1 t/ha). The Cream variety out-yielded the Tan and Black varieties by 0.5 t/ha (25.64 %) and 0.2 t/ha (10.26 %) respectively, indicating its high adaptability and suitability in the forest agroecology.

Keywords
Adaptation, organomineral fertilizer, bambara groundnut variety, yield components, moist forest

Cite this paper
Shiyam, JO, Nkor, NN, Binang, WB, Effa, EB, YIELD RESPONSE OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Voandzeia subterrenea (L) Thours.) VARIETIES TO ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER IN THE COASTAL FOREST OF SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA , SCIREA Journal of Agriculture. Volume 1, Issue 1, October 2016 | PP. 91-106.

References

[ 1 ] Addo, A.A. and Oyeleke, O.A. (1986). Nutritional evaluation and organoleptic properties of biscuits supplemented with bambara groundnut flour. A seminar paper, 1 – 10
[ 2 ] Adumanya, O.C.U., Obi-Adumanya, G.A. and Nwachukwu, P.C. (2012). The proximate analysis and sensory evaluation of ‘’Okpa’’ prepared with fluted pumpkin and scent leaves. 3rd RUFORUM Biennial Meeting, 24 – 28 September, 2012 Entebe, Uganda
[ 3 ] Akpalu, M.M., Atubilla, I.A. and Oppong-Sekyrere, D. (2013). Assessing the level of cultivation and utilizationof bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) in the Sumbrugu community of Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana. IJPAE 3 (3): 68 – 75
[ 4 ] Alozie, Y.E., Iyam, M.A., Lawal, O., Udofia, U. and Ani, I.F. (2009). Utilization og bambara groundnut flour blends in bread making. Journal of Food Technology, 7 (4) : 111 – 114
[ 5 ] Anetor, M.O and Omueti, J.A.I. (2014). Organomineral fertilizer in some Phosphorus-unresponsive soils of southwestern Nigeria : 1. Effects on maize growth response and soil properties. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 5 (6) : 265 – 280
[ 6 ] Bamshaiye, O.M., Adegbola, J.A. and Bamishaiye, E.I. (2011). Bambara groundnut: An under-utilized nut in Africa. Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology 1: 60 – 72
[ 7 ] Baryeh, E.A. (2001). Physical properties of bambara groundnut. Journal of Food Engineering, 47 : 321 – 326
[ 8 ] Berchie, J.N., Sarkodie-Addoo, J., Adu-Daah, H., Okpoka, M., Addy, A., Asare, E. and Donkar, J. (2010). Yield evaluation of three early-maturing bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) landraces at the CSIR- Crops Research Institute, Fumesua-Kumasi, Ghana. Ghana Journal of Agronomy 9 (4): 22 -27
[ 9 ] Brough, S.H., Azam-Ali, S.N and Taylor, A.J. (1993). The potential of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) in vegetable milk production and basic protein functionality systems Food Chem. 47 : 277 – 283
[ 10 ] Caroline, K. (2014). Bambara Groundnut Specialty Foods of Africa Pvt Ltd, Harare, Zimbabwe
[ 11 ] Cooperband, L. (2002). Building soil organic matter with organic amendments : a resource guide for urban and rural gardeners, small farmers, turfgrass managers and large-scale producers [Available http://www.wisc.edu/cias/]
[ 12 ] Dansi, A., Vodiouhe, R. and Azokpota, P. (2012). Diversityof the neglected and under-utilized crop species of importance in Benin. The Scientific World Journal, 932 – 947
[ 13 ] DoubleGist (2013). Bambara Groundnut – Effect of Packaging Material and Oil Type on on Sensory Properties and Microbial Stability [http://www.doublegist.com/bambara-groundnut-effect-packaging-material-sensory-properties/]
[ 14 ] Heller, J., Begemann, F. and Mushonga, J. (1997). Promoting the conservation and use of underutilised and neglected crops. 9. Proceedings of the Workshop on Conservation and Improvement of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), 14–16
[ 15 ] November 1995, Harare, Zimbabwe. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Department of Research & Specialist Services, Harare and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, 166 pp.
[ 16 ] Hillocks, R.J., Bennett, C. and Mponda, O.M. (2012). Bambara groundnut : A review of utilization, market potential and crop improvement. African Crop Science Journal 20 (1) : 1 – 16
[ 17 ] IITA (International Institute for Tropical Agriculture) (1982). Automated and semi-automated methods for soil and plant analysis. Manual Series No.7. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria
[ 18 ] Lawes, G.S., Wolley, D.J. and Lai, R. (1990). Seeds and other factors affecting fruit size in Kiwifruit.Acta Hortic. (ISHS), 282 : 257 – 264
[ 19 ] Linnemann, A.R. and Azam–Ali, S.N. (1993).Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) literature review: A revised and updated bibliography. Tropical Crops Communication No. 7. Wageningen Agricultural University.
[ 20 ] Massawe, F. J., Mwale, S. S., Azam-Ali, S. N. And Roberts, J. A. (2007). Breeding in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.): Strategic considerations. African Journal of Biotechnology 4: 463 - 471.
[ 21 ] Mkandawire, C. (2007). Review of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) production in sub-Sahara Africa. Agricultural Journal, 2 : 464 – 470
[ 22 ] Ncube, B and Twomlow, S.J. (2007). Productivity and residual benefit of grain legumes to sorghum under semi-arid conditions in southwestern Zimbabwe. Plant and Soil 299: 1- 15.
[ 23 ] Olanipekun, B.F., Otunola, E.T., Adejuyitan, J.A. and Adeyanju, J.A. (2012). Proximate and fatty composition of bambara groundnut (Voandzeia subterranean (L.) Thouars) as influenced by fermentation with a combination of Rhizopus oligosporus and R. nigricans. Transnational Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (9) : 77 – 87
[ 24 ] Onwubiko, N.I.C., Odum, O.B., Utazi, C.O. and Poly-Mbah, P.C. (2011). Studies on the adaptation of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria. Agricultural Journal, 6 (2) :60 – 65
[ 25 ] PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (2006). Cereals and Pulses (Brink, M. and Becky, G. (eds) pp 213 – 217. PROTA Foundation, Netherlands.
[ 26 ] Tanimu, B.S., Ado, G and Aliyu, L. (1990). Genotypic variability in bambara groundnut cvs at Samaru. Pp 54 – 66 in: Proceedings of 17th Annual Conference of the Genetics Society of Nigeria (I.O. Obigbesan, ed.). IAR&T, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. 11–16 March, 1990
[ 27 ] Thottappilly, G. and Rossel, H.W. (1997). Identification and characterization of viruses infecting bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc.) in Nigeria. International Journal of Pest Management, 43 : 177 – 185
[ 28 ] Vanlauwe, B. (2015). Integrated Soil Fertility Management – a concept that could boost soil productivity. IITA, Nairobi, Kenya (http://www.rural21.com)
[ 29 ] Weigelt, J. and Alva, I.L. (2015). An ambitious post-2015 development agenda will depend on soils. Global Soil Forum. Institute for Advanced Soil Studies (IASS) Postdam. Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropical_agriculture&oldid=666291886). Retrieved on 10 June 2015, at 04:49
[ 30 ] Yamaguchi, M. (1983). World Vegetables. Van Nostran Reinhold, New York.